Monday, 14 December 2009

Fonts

Fonts can be very influencial in recognising the genre of the magazine. For example on my last post showing magazne front covers, the classical magazine encorporated a very elegant swirly font for the main heading. Where as VIBE for example had thick bold lettering which made more of a statement. Below are some different ideas of possible fonts.
I like the very top font in this group. I like the extreme boldness and how it makes a statement. It also gives a big contrast to small thinner fonts shown below. I also like the bottom font as it appears tall and thin.
I like this font as it reminds me of a film. It's slightly odd and unbalanced which gives it a and edgy look.

This font to me is slightly simple and boring.
I like this as the letters are slightly spaced out and gives it a sense of formality.
I like the styles of this letters for example the a and the k and i.
I like this font alot, I love how the capital E has been encorporated in the midst of a word.
I like how some of these fonts are italic and a usually simple bold font is made slightly more exciting by making it italic.
I love the middle font on this where it says 'crea' I love how big the letters are and how thin the lettering is makes it lots more interesting.
I like the top font of this group as the letters are all different levels. I also love the font that 'Bambino' is written in, its stylish and modern and edgy.


I'm not very keen on this font but like the difference that the capital letters have.
I like the bubble effect that this font uses and how some of the letters are disjointed.
I like the shadowing of this squared bubble writing font. I also like how all of it is written in capitals.
I love the stencil effect of this font and how all of the letteres are disjointed in the middle of each letter.

Monday, 7 December 2009

Contents and double page spreads of magazines

This is the contents page for the magazine NME it's very hectic and chaotic and I like this as it meets the genre of the music magazine. The main colours are red black and yellow/green. I like how some of the headings are slightly slanted, giving it a less 'perfect' look and adds to the chaos. I also like the 8 box pictures in a sequence.






This contents page is still quite chaotic but seems slightly neater. Using laid out squares for the pictures. The font is also simpler and the colours are based on yellow and black. I like the list of the content of the magazine down the right hand side and how different section stand out.

I like the style of the mean heading 'KERRANG' and how it covers the very top of the man on the cover. The double page spread consists of colours that relate to the genre of the music. Rock etc and the colour black is portrayed throughout.
I like this double page spread and how the picture is the main focus of the page. I also like the slightly off colour white as the background and how it contrasts with the colourful outfits the people in the picture are wearing. I also like the font used for the main heading in the top left hand corner.

Thursday, 3 December 2009

Notetaking

Notetaking
We today watched a video clip from the first episode of Gaving and Stacey. We watched the clip 3 times and took down notes for different aspects each time. Firstly we took notes on Camera angles, I found this the hardest to take notes on as I dont pick up on when the camera shot changes and what this can represent. We then commented on Mise en Scene, I like taking notes on Mise en Scene as I find it easy to pick up on settings, outfits, props, lightings etc, and how this helps representations for different regional identities. On our final view of the clip, we took notes on conversations. I like taking notes on conversation as it's easy to pick up different atmospheres and feelings between people, and also easy to pick up on different status' due to dialect and pronunciation etc.

Welsh Stereotypes

After looking at a presentation on Regional Identity we were each asked to produce a list of the stereotypical views of the Welsh.
-rugy players/love rugby
-countryside
-sheep
-very empty, not busy
-farmers
-strong accent
-behind the times (technoligically)
-coal miners
-singers
-religious(catholic)
-valley people (chavs)
-patriotic
-less feminine women
-strong sense of 'family'
-all famous welsh people seem to be singers or sportspeople
-possibly lower class
-honest people
-cold, wet and rainy
-fierce rivals in terms of football
-very aggressive fans

Disability/Ability

We carried on our discussion on disabilities and abilities and went on to watch Peter Kays Pheonix nights to see a contradiction of the average stereotypical view of disabled people in the media.
Below is a list of assumptions as a society are made about disabled people;
-We are ashamed of them
-They are possibly ashamed of themselves due to their 'difference'
-Assumed to be less intelligent regardless of the disability.
-Stereotyped as being wheel chair bound due to the sign/icon.
-Unnattractive, not sexually active/desirable.
-Can be used for comical relief in terms of their behaviour (bossy).
-Moody, play the victim/made to look weak and someone to be pitied.
-If already disabled, we like to see them recover/get better and find love.
-Given a makeover to look 'normal'
-Used as a way to 'remove' character status if you see them disabled.
-Society can 'disable' them. Eg-Not having a ramp into a building.
-Most actors playing disabled people aren't actually disabled.

Wednesday, 2 December 2009

Music

Music is very influential on people. People listen to it in a variety of different forms, radios, headphones, live etc. And there are many different genres and artists. Music effects peoples moods greatly and songs, or lyrics can mean alot to a person.
I've been researching into music and trying to decide on my favourite genre, or even favourite song. I havn't yet been able to decide on my favourite song but below are a few of my favourites and why I like them so much.

Queen- Who wants to live forever. - I love this song, it's a less well known song of Queens and is from the film Highlander. The lyrics are very repetative but very powerful and the song is very emotive.

Pink-Family Portrait- I love nearly all of Pinks songs as I find nearly all of the lyrics in her songs relevant to me. This song came out when I was quite a lot younger and the first time I heard it and watched the video it made me cry. I found it related so much to me and I love the emotion and passion she puts into all of her music.

The Calling-I'll go wherever you will go- I love the lyrics in this song, when I feel sad and I listen to this song, it almost makes me feel hopeful and I can't resist but to sing along to it.



James Morrison-Please don't stop the rain- The lyrics in this song are lovely as they almost say that bad things are going to happen, and you can't change it, and have to accept it and go with the flow. It makes me feel relaxed and positive.

Oasis-Whatever - I love Oasis' attitude in their music, they're really talented and their music is slightly unusual. I love this song and it's carefree attitude, and it basically means you can be whatever you set your heart on being.

Oasis- Stop crying your heart out- This is another of my favourite Oasis songs, there arent many lyrics but the rhythm is really good, and the lyrics mean to me, that you just have to get on with it and make the best of a bad situation.

Pink-Conversations with my 13 year old self- I love this song, the lyrics are so unusual as its her talking to herself when she was younger and telling herself that things will get better.

Wednesday, 18 November 2009

Magazine Front Cover ideas

We are now beginning to research into ideas for our coursework. I am working on my own and have chosen to do a magazine cover, contents page, and double page spread. Below are some ideas of front covers. The genre of the magazine has to be music.


I like this magazine front cover with the photo strip down the side with the captions underneath. Also I like the image and how the camera is looking slightly upwards at the man on the guitar, it almost gives him a musical authority.







I like the font of the word 'classical' on this front cover. The big C emphasises the genre of the music and its classiness.





I like the chaos on this magazine front cover. I like how everything is croweded and lots of different information is portrayed.

I love the colours used on this magazine front cover and how it relates to the genre of the music. I also like the font of the 'billboard' lettering and how the b and the d have been coloured in.
I like the name of this magazine, and also the picture of a close of a celebrities face gives it tension. I also love the mix of using blue pink and black.

seven areas of representation-ability and disability

In our media lesson today we watched a presentation and then learnt about ability and disability.
Firstly we watched a powerpoint presentation by Jack and Dan on how ability and disabilty and the views of this have changed over the years. Also what is considered socially acceptable in this case. They also showed how ability and disability is portrayed in different genres to create different respones about the matter. For example, disability is often portrayed in comedies, maybe because the audience may be confused as how to react to seeing a disabled character normally and using this in a comedy allows you to not have to take the guilt or sad feelings into account and to put a light hearted spin on it.

We then watched a stand up comedy clip by Ricky Gervais showing stereotypical and patronizing views on disabilities. First of all he makes it clear of his racial ethnicity; Egyptian, and uses patronizing phrases and tones such as 'poor little fella' making him seem less capable then any other 31 year old man. Ricky Gervais also acts disgusted at his disability when he worries it may be contagious, this shows how 'normal' people feel about it as they dont want themselves to be in that 'condition'. He then uses the term 'leg mental' the word mental gives negative connotations and being disabled is not linked to any kind of 'mentalness'. He then makes the assumption that the disabled man must be gay as he wouldn't be able to find anybody due to his state. Which of course isn't necessarily true. Near the end of the comedy, he asks the man if he wants him to read him a book implying childish characteristics and making it seem that the man needs the supervision and reliability of adults that a child needs.

39 steps

In our media lesson we watched a film called The 39 steps. This film showed a very good representation of gender, and class and status.
John Hannay who is the main male character, is portrayed as a typical alphamale; dressed smartly in a dark blue suit, he looks clean cut, he is well spoken (speaks standard english/posh/recieved pronunciation). As the film begins, he is shot running around a field whilst being shot at vigurously by planes and swarms of police men. This gives him a strong sense of masculinity and capability. Also when coming across some people in his car, he uses his initiative very quickly and efectively which shows his intelligence. (when he acts as the Liberal Spokesman).

In contradiction to this portrayal, this scene is set in some hills which are very big and makes him look almost out of place especially due to his dress code. It also makes him look almost vulnerable and victimised and like he's in danger.

Victoria Sinclair is the main woman character of the film. She is a feminist and a suffragette and believes in womens rights. She is strong minded and stubborn which is shown when persisting to go on the chase with John Hannay. She looks the part of a high class woman, wearing petticoats and is portrayed as one of a minority of women in the room of speakers, which perhaps shows her authority. She shows her femininity regularly but also has masculine traits which are showed for example when she climbs the wall and asks questions.

The male gaze The male gaze is used on Victoria Sinclair on the scene where she is about to climb over the wall. She lifts her petticoats up and the camera zooms in on her leg and then on John Hannays face to show his expression at this exploitation.

The music for this creates suspense and is non diegetic - is put over the top of the film so its not a real life sound.

Wednesday, 11 November 2009

Shameless

In our lesson we watched Shameless to get an understand of representation in the form of class and status.


We looked at how different elements are used to construct the representations for example mise en scence, sound, camera work etc.














Fiona
Fiona is the eldest child in the family and acts as a Mother figure to the others as her Father is barely present.





Frank
Frank is the single parent of the Gallagher family after his wife left. He however doesnt play a fatherly role and daily is bought home by the police drunk.






Lip
Lip is the oldest son of the Gallagher family and is portrayed as being quite intelligence. He uses this is a business minded way to earn money and gained his nick name lip for always answering back. He shows prejudice against bisexuality.


Ian
Ian is the son younger than Lip. He is gay and appears to be ashamed of this until Lip finds out. He has been carrying out relations with Cash (the muslim supermarket worker) and appears to be slightly intimidated by his brother.


Steve
Steve is a man that Fiona meets at a club who has been watching her for several weeks. He seems considerate and tries to help Fiona as much as possible and doesnt feel threatened by her situation with her Father. He is fairly well off but due to a not necessarily 'clean' way.

Monday, 9 November 2009

Seven areas of representation

Seven areas of representations:
  1. Gender
  2. Age
  3. Ethnicity
  4. Sexuality
  5. Class and status
  6. Physical ability/disability
  7. Regional identity

Gender

Male:
  • Solitary
  • happy
  • unemotional
  • stoic
  • happy
  • positive
  • secure
  • confident
  • unsociable
  • awkward
  • laid back
  • quiet
  • intelligent
  • unhygenic

Female

  • bitchy
  • moody
  • emotional
  • feminist
  • giggly
  • depressed
  • insecurity
  • sociable
  • gossipy
  • vein
  • perfectionists
  • seductive
  • bossy
  • loud
  • talkative
  • stupid/blonde bimbo
  • squemish/afraid
  • hygenic

Commando-Arnold Schwarzeneger

Arnold schwarzeneger assumptions: soldier, destructive, very strong, undestructable, intelligent, brave, possibly abit unemotional

Alone parent assumptions: protective, loving, wise, talkative, hardworking, role model.

In the film Arnold Schwarzeneger is portrayed as typical alphamale in the opening sequence as he is shot carrying a full tree on one soldier with a chain saw in the other hand somewhat effortlessly. The camera zooms in on his biceps to show his intense strength and power. The sun is also shining behind him which also connotes a certain amount of power to him.

His relationship with his daughter is very emotional close and this is also portrayed with their physical closeness throughout the film. He spends his entire day interacting with her and doing fatherly things.

Representation

Tessa Perkins and Festinger

Mediation
The way the media represent on idea to us.
Stereotypes overlook the individual
Place people in groups
Qualities often 'exaggerated' which leads to a caricature.

delineating
shortcut to describe something.

In many instances, stereotypes are used pejorativiely by dominant groups to describe subordinate groups.
Stereotypes are not always negative for example; Americans are good patronists.
Stereotypes are not also always about minority groups or the less powerful.
They can be held about ones own group.
They are not rigid or unchanging for example; MPs used to be highly respected, now not so much.
They are not always false.

Rayner- ' the process by which the media present the 'real world'.

Leon Festinger
Theory of 'cognitive dissanance'
Argued that we resist adujusting our attitudes unless faced with overwhelming evidence against it. Believed that we seek out confirmation of our thoughts/beliefs. This links with pluralism audience theory.

Selection Process
The decision over waht is chosen to be represented and what is rejected.
The choices made when organising the representation:
The options taken to focus the audience in a certain way.
Questions we would ask when analysing representation:
WHO or WHAT is being represented?
HOW is the representation created? (mise on scene)
WHO has created this representation?
WHY is the representation created in that way?
WHAT is the intention?
WHAT is the effect of the representation?


Gatekeeping
A theorist called White (1961) spoke of the 'gatekeepers'-that is the people who are part of the decision making process in the construction of media texts.
Examples of common gatekeepers:
-BBC, commissioners, various genres
-Law makers
-Directors
-Producers
-Editors
-Audience (recent phenomenon, test screening)

The construction approach
A useful way of thinking about representation is that the meanings are crated by the relationships between the producers, the text and the audience.
1) The representation is constructed with a set of ideas and values (producers intent/intended meaning).
2) The context of the representation is part of the representation (media, language choices, anchorage, media form, placement/location/genre expectations etc)
3) The audience reacts to this representation and this depends on thier own personal interpretational context; age, gender, political/religious beliefs, nationality etc. (negotiated meaning).

Richard Dyer The matter of Images
Dyer said 'How we ar seen determines how we are treated, how we treat others is based on how we see them. How we see them comes from representation.'

Camera Angles

Long Shot is everything that sets the scene and opens the scene/establishing shot. Where the film is set, a long shot or establishing shot is used. This lets you know all the important information.
Medium Shot is the most commonly used shot in cinema. It is used to show any character interaction.
Close Up is used to show the audience something/someone important (face).
Shot Reverse Shot is used for dialogue. It focus'on the character talking. It is positioned over their shoulder. This makes you feel part of the conversation.
High Angle Shot This shot connotes power over the object you are viewing. Women have traditionally been shot in this way to make men appear more powerful.
Low Angle Shot This is designed to make a character or and object appear stronger/more powerful.
Tracking Shot The camera is perpendicular to the action and follows the 'subject' or the action.


Editing Continuety-(hollywood editing) the viewer should not notice the cuts and shots should flow together naturally. Hence the sequence of shots should appear to be continuous.
Montage This style of editing has two functions. The highly political soviet style of the 1920s which sought to create a new meaning out of seemingly unconnected shots. The audiences are very aware of the 'cuts'.
Montage (hollywood) In classical Hollywood cinema, a 'montage sequence' is a shot segment in a film in which narative information is presented in a condensed fashion. (condenses lots of important information into a brief sequence) For example, someone trying on various outfits before a night out.
Transition A 'transition' is the term how an editor moves from one shot to another. The use of an innappropriate transition can destroy the mood or pace of a scene.
Crosscutting/parallel editing Editing that alternates shots of two or more lines of action occuring in different places, usually simultaneously.
Dissolve A transition between two shots during which the first image gradually dissappears while the second image gradually appears.
Wipe A transition between shots in which a line passes across te screen, eliminating the first shot as it goes and replacing it with the next one. A very dynamic and noticeable transition, it is usually imployed in action or adventure films.

Wednesday, 28 October 2009

narrative theories

Three part narrative system
Beginning -Equalibrium-A state of 'normality' in the narrative
Middle - Disequalibrium-Something disrupts this normality and the protagonist/hero must go on a quest to restore the normality.
End - New equalibrium-A new 'normality' is created.

Vladimir Propps theory
Vladimir Propp studied ancient Bulgarin folk tales. He was a Russian critic and literacy theorist. He analysed over 100 Russian fairytales in the 1920s and proposed that it was possible to classify the character and thier actions into clearly defined roles and functions:

The hero seeks something
The villain tries to prevent the hero
The donor helps the hero by providing a magical object
The dispatcher sends the hero on his way
The false hero falsely assuming the role of the hero
The helper gives support to the hero
The princess the reward for the hero
The princess's father who gives the reward to the hero

Using Mise en-Scene, select one character to analyse and explain the ways in which the chosen character is represented.

In Media, we watched the begining of the Royal Tennenbaums film and chose one character to analyse and explain. This is my essay.

In 2001, the motion picture 'the royal tenenbaums' was created and directed by Wes Anderson, later to be released on 15th March 2002 in the UK, starring nmerous actors/actresses such as Gwyneth Paltrow, Ben Stiller, and Owen Wilson. The film was nominated for an Oscar and went on to win various other movie awards. The film shows an extent of drug use, and scences of a sexual nature, resulting in its certificate rating at a 15.
The romantic comedy consists largely of five main characters: the Mother, Ethline, the Father, Royal and the three children; Chaz, Richi and Margot. The film portrays the upbringings of the three children and consequently how they turned out later in life. I chose to anaylse MArgot's character as i think her upbringing was the most influential. Margot is played by Irene Gorovaia as a young girl, and Gwyneth Paltrow as a woman. Unline her two brothers, she is the adopted daughter of Royal and Ethline Tenenbaum, which I think is a huge factor to Margots character. The film begins with a long shot of the Tenenbaums house, showing the three floors. On the first floor is Chaz's room, on the second floor is Richis room and on the third floor is Margot's room. This connotes to the audience that Margot is the most distant member of the family, possibly due to her heritage.
Margot's main interests are reading books, writing plays and possibly animals. She has perfectly cut blonde hair and is always shown with dark smokey eyes. This appearence gives the impression that she may be sayd, lonely, miserable or maybe resentful. In most scenes, Margots setting is considerably darker than others. For example; when her bedroom is shown, there are numerous bolts and locks on the door with a 'DO NOT ENTER' sign, this makes us aware that she is a very closed person and doesnt want to/like to interact with others, or be interupted. As you enter the room, Margot is sat in the middle of her bed listening to music through a pair of headphones perhaps symbolising that she doesn't want to share and likes to keep herself to herslef and drown out everybody else. Also what you notice when you enter the room is that there are curtains either side of her room, creating Margot as the center of perfect symmetry. This scene to me symbolises a stage and Margot being center stage. I think that this shows that although she comes across as closed and dark, she enjoys playing a fictional character as this prevents her audience from seeing the real her, which also seems to be how she acts in her everyday life. On the walls in her bedroom there are images of animals and Margot is often captured reading books about animals. This could be interpreted that she finds almost a saftey net, something she can rely on without them being able to speak and let her down or judge her.
The nest scene is Margot in her dark room which also shows a sense of how she likes to be alone as she cannot socialise in this hobby.
Her costume and props are all very personal relevant to her. For example, despite her love for animals, she is shot wearing a fur shaul and in her first play she is dressed as a blood-splattered animal. This possibly could be representing that altough she loves them, they are hurt, and likewise, she loves her parents but still feels neglected and lost. She perhaps wonders that if nobody cares for her, she she care for them. Another accurate symbolism of her, is her brothers 'failed' paintings of her, where she is always drawn without a smile, which says a lot about Margot as a person; very unhappy and shows little emotion. Considering this extreme noticeable unhappiness, her parents are either oblivious to it or generally dont care.
Margot is free spirited and individual as we notice in the things she does (eg plays), but also has a closed and dark peronsality. All of this could be due to the resentment she feels about the lack of a father figure. In the camer angles used in the film, the camera is always very centre and based on symmetry in the set. The sue of camera levels are used to show social class/power/status usually. Alot of the camera angles on Margot are high angles, meaning she is looking up at the camera. This gives me the impression that she longs or seeks something, perhaps a dominant male figure in her life.
The enigma code in the Royal Tennenbaums could be taht how did Margot lose her finger when she ran away? The symbolic cold is most accurately expressed when the bird is set free fromt he roof top, symbolising the upcoming freedom of the Tenenbaum children and for them to fend for themselves.
Personally, I think Margot's character is the most influential and interesting to analyse, as her thoughts, passions, fears and abitions all become clearer as the story unfolds. This is very skillfully done my Wes Anderson as the audience become intrigued to know more about her. She leaves lots of unanswered questions and mysteries for teh audience to pick up on. In terms of Vladimer Propps theory, I think that Margot plays the hero as she constantly seems to be seeking something, a father figure, recognition, love or just a greater meaning to her life.

Monday, 12 October 2009

Roland Barthes

Roland Barthes Narrative Theory
In one of our first theory lessons, we learnt about a narrative theory from Roland Barthes consisting of 5 codes.
Action Code: this applies to any action that implies a further narrative action. for example a gunslinger draws his gun on and adversary and we assume that the result will be shooting.
Enigma Code: this refers to any element in a sotry that is not explained, therefore esixts as an enigma for the audience. This raises questions that demand explanation.
The Semantic Code: This is any element in a text that suggests a particular, often additional meanings by way of connotation.
The Cultural Code: This is any element ina narrative that refers to a science or body of knowledge. In other words, the cultural code tends to point to our shared knowledge about the way the world works.
The symbolic Code: This is all to do with binary opposites. For example, one person is considered fat because another person is thin.

Levi Strauss: Levi Strauss believed that the world consisted of a series of binary opposites. Essentially only one thing can be defined in relation to something else. This links in with the symbolic code very well.

Also a narrative can be labeled in two ways; Open or Closed.
An open narrative can be unravelled in lots of different ways for example soap operas.
A closed narrative only has one obvious thread to pull on, for example a film.

I enjoyed learning about this first narrative theory as it gave me a better insight into films/commercials/tv programs etc and everything that has to be considered for them to be made.

Spike Jonez

In my group there was Jack Reid, Laura Danson and me. We were given the director Spike Jonze to look at and create a powerpoint to present to the rest of the class.

Spike Jonze, born as Adam Speiger, was born on October the 22nd 1969. He is an American director of music videos and commercials and a director and producer in film and television. He is probably best known for his film 'Being John Makovich'. He also is the co-creator of the hit MTV show 'Jackass' and owns his own skate park.

Spike Jonze has a very respected reputation in the music industry which is shown through the various videos he has produced which are shown below;

  • Fully Flared for Lakai
  • Sonic Youth-100%
  • Beastie Boys-Sure Shot
  • Fatboy Slim-Praise You
  • Tenacious D-Wonder Boy
  • Wax-California
  • Pavement-Shadylane
  • Bjork-It's oh so quiet
  • Beastie Boys-sabotage
  • Weezer-Buddy Holly

On the iconic cinematography slide we commented on Spike's individual style portrayed in the various camera angles he does. In the trailor, he picks out key emotional events from the film that give the audience a clear conception of what the film will be about. This was an unusual project for him to direct as he usually works on music videos and films that relate to his own personal interests rather than fiction stories. Also in this film he relies greatly on setting the scene by incorporating a scenic background for atmosphere which he doesn't usually depend on.

In our last iconic cinematography slide, we have a clip of a video named 'Unkle', this shows Spike's urban style of work portraying his own interests very clearly (Skateboarding and dangerous activities). In the first half he using sharp editing to cut the scene just before something happens which creates tension. The second half remains in slow motion but concludes the clips shown in the first half. Lots of smaller explosions are shown with eventually a huge explosion at the end.

I enjoyed working in a group to create this powerpoint presentation and enjoyed looking at the slightly different aspects of Spike Jonze's directing skills. I think I need to be more clear on what I need to say when presenting to the class next time to prevent reading off the screen.

Friday, 9 October 2009

leoniee

Preliminary video exercise
Our second preliminary exercise was to create a short video clip incorparating a range of shots and camera angles. In my group there was me, Erica Forshaw and Jacob Phethean. Me and Erica acted whilst Jacob filmed us and we all contributed to directing. The objective of the film was to walk in, exchange dialogue and walk out. In this, we used a long shot, a close up, an action shot, a mid shot, a shot reverse shot, and pan across. After this we loaded all 8 of our clips onto a program called imovie and edited each clip individually so that they ran together coherently.

Monday, 5 October 2009

School magazine cover
















My first task in media, was to create a magazine cover and contents page for a school magazine.
It had to include a midshot and 3 or 4 pieces of suitable text.
To begin with, we took several pictures of what we considered to be photogenice student in year 11, 12, and 13. We then uploaded them to the computer and chose one that we liked the look of and that seemed suitable for a magasine cover. We then uploaded this image onto photoshop and cut out the image of the person from its background and put it as a layer on our magazine cover. We then thought of our title 'Spotlight' and several pieces of text which would hyperthetically be included in the magazine and arranged them around the main picture. Finally we added a bar code, and issue number and date and a price. This task was quite a quick task to do and I feel more confident about using photoshop for editing and creating images and covers.